Abstract The aim of this research is to compare individual, pair and Mob programming in university programming courses taking into account the perceptions of the students. 24 students participated in a course of Intermediate programming with Visual Basic. Net. They worked with the three modalities in the development of software projects during regular class sessions. A sequential explanatory mixed research design was used. For the quantitative component, questionnaires were administered. For the qualitative section, interviews were conducted. The results showed that students prefer pair programming because they perceive it as a midpoint between programming alone and doing it with a large group. Solo programming may cause stress and intellectual blockage, and doing so with too many people at the same time may generate distraction and imbalance of work among the participants. A limitation of the study is the sample size. However, the work makes quantitative and qualitative contributions in an area of knowledge little explored in formal literature. The findings suggest promoting work in pairs in university programming courses, as it is easily implemented with few resources and good results.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar la programación individual, por pares y colectiva a través de las percepciones de 24 estudiantes del curso universitario Programación intermedia con Visual Basic.Net. Los participantes fueron expuestos a las tres modalidades de trabajo en el desarrollo de proyectos de software durante sesiones regulares de clase. El diseño de investigación fue mixto explicativo secuencial. Para el componente cuantitativo se aplicaron cuestionarios, y para el apartado cualitativo se realizaron entrevistas. Los resultados mostraron que los alumnos prefieren la programación por pares porque la perciben como un punto medio entre no programar con nadie y hacerlo con un grupo numeroso. Programar de manera individual puede provocarles estrés y bloqueo intelectual, mientras que hacerlo con demasiadas personas al mismo tiempo les genera distracción y desbalance de trabajo. Una limitación del estudio es el tamaño de la muestra; sin embargo, hace aportaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas a un área de conocimiento poco explorada en la literatura formal. Los hallazgos sugieren promover el trabajo por parejas en los cursos universitarios de programación, pues se implementa con facilidad, con pocos recursos y buenos resultados.

Abstract The internationalization of companies drives the search for competitive foreign suppliers. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the factors that improve imports of processed foods in large food companies in Mexico. The research methodtechnique to collect data was the elaboration of a survey of 55 questions that was applied to the most important biglarge companies in Northern Mexico. The results of the multiple linear regression method show that: the international price, the required quality, the foreign availability of the product, the knowledge of the procedures for customs clearance and the logistics capability of the company explain the 66.4% of the impact to imports, showing another finding, the negative relationship in the logistics capability. One of the main limitations of the study was that people surveyed could answer the survey within their limited time. The originality lies in presenting imports as a competitive strategy, using 5 key factors.

Resumen La internacionalización de las empresas impulsa la búsqueda de proveedores extranjeros competitivos. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es determinar los factores que facilitan las importaciones de alimentos procesados en grandes empresas alimentarias de México. El método de investigación La técnica para recolectar datos fue la elaboración de una encuesta de 55 preguntas que se aplicó a las principales grandes empresas del Norte de México. Los resultados del método de regresión lineal múltiple muestran que: el precio internacional, la calidad requerida, la disponibilidad extranjera del producto, el conocimiento de los trámites para el despacho aduanero y la capacidad logística de la empresa explican el 66.4% del impulso a las importaciones, mostrando otro hallazgo, la relación negativa en la capacidad logística. Una de las principales limitaciones del estudio fue que los encuestados respondieran la encuesta dentro de su limitado tiempo. La originalidad reside en presentar las importaciones como una estrategia competitiva, utilizando 5 factores claves.

The catalytic activity of systems of type [RuH(CO)(N-N)(PR3)2]+ was evaluated in the hydroformylation reaction of 1-hexene. The observed activity is explained through a reaction mechanism on the basis of the quantum theory. The mechanism included total energy calculations for each of the intermediaries of the elemental steps considered in the catalytic cycle. The deactivation of the catalyst precursors takes place via dissociation of the polypyridine ligand and the subsequent formation of thermodynamically stable species, such as RuH(CO)3(PPh3)2 and RuH3(CO)(PPh3)2, which interrupt the catalytic cycle. In addition, the theoretical study allows to explain the observed regioselectivity which is defined in two steps: (a) the hydride migration reaction with an anti-Markovnikov orientation to produce the alkyl-linear-complex (3.1a), which is more stable by 19.4 kJ/mol than the Markovnikov orientation (alkyl-branched-complex) (3.1b); (b) the carbon monoxide insertion step generates the carbonyl alkyl-linear specie (4.1a) which is more stable by 9.5 kJ/mol than the alternative species (4.1b), determining the preferred formation of heptanal in the hydroformylation of 1-hexene.